Médico Cirujano, Universidad de Carabobo. PhD: Universität Heidelberg, Fakultet für Natürwissenschaflische Medizin, Magna cum Laude Neurophysiologie, 1.993.Physiologisches Institut, Heidelberg, Germany.PhD Thesis: Characteristics of discharge patterns and microcircuitry of simultaneously recorded nociceptive and non-nociceptivespinal dorsal horn neurons: Afferent induced plasticity and descending modulation. Tutor: Prof. Dr. med. JűrgenSandkűhlerPostdoc: Neurophysiology Lab, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC).1993-1995. Lab. Horacio Vanegas, MD., PhD.Science productivity index: Publications: 105; Cited: 537; H: 11; H5: 6